Alloy, etc.



Patented 27, 1929.

1 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE.

NOAK vrcron'nYBIivErrE, or NEW you, 11. Y.

'ALLoY, arc.

No Drawing? This invention relates to improvements in nickel alloys which are non-corrodible' and which have a resistance to acids and to a moist atmosphere comparable with or greater than that of pure nickel, and which are also soft and ductile so that they can be worked hot and cold by rolling, drawing, pressing, spinning, stamping, welding, etc. The alloys of the present invention are particularly adapted for such purposes as cooking utensils, condenser and boiler tubes, sheet nickel for tanks, etc. The invention includes improvements in the new alloys' themselves as well as articles made therefrom.

It is known that nickel mixes or alloys with iron in all proportions to a solid solution, but such alloys, without further admixture, are not well adapted for use forthe purposes mentioned. 'In a co-pending application, Serial No. 489,099, I have de scribed improved alloys containing, in addition to nickel and iron, small and regulated; amounts of other alloying metals and deoxidizers which give to the alloys the desired properties. 3

The object of the present invention is to further improve these .soft ductile ironnickel alloys so that their noncorrosiveness will even exceed that of pure nickel.

It is known that larger quantities of chromium will increase the resistance to acids, but I have found that such increase of over 5% chromium is insignificant compared with the drawbacks. The resistance against nitric acid ma be slightly improved by using 1015% -c romium instead of 5%, but

resistance to other chemicals is still less.

I add copper, tungsten and molybdenum; one or two, or all in combination.

In addition to the constituents mentioned in said application, copper may be added to the .alloy in amounts of 3 to 5% without any bad effect from se regation, while the resistance against sul ur1c acid is perceptibly Application flled October 12, 1921. Serial No. 507,331.

with 2% to 3 parts of iron to 1 part of nickel is relatively small and greater than of pure nickel. If a larger proportion of chromium is used instead of or in connection with molybdenum or tungsten, or co per, similar results are not obtained, and t e metal becomes much" harder. I therefore consider it important that none of the additions to the iron-nickel alloy should amount to above 5% or thereabouts.

' Theaddition of the various metals need notexceed the following amounts namely, 2% manganese, 3 to 5% a c romium, 5% copper, I 2% tungsten, and .1% molybdenum, as increased additions do not appear to be correspondingly advantageous. The presence of vanadium, titanium, zirconium, etc. may not be objectionable but even beneficial in small amounts. The presence of copper in too large amounts may be objectionable on account of segregations, oisonous or galvanic action, etc. and it wi 1 be understood that copper may be omitted from the alloys, although its presence is unobjec- '6.

tionable for many purposesand it is advantageous when present in small amounts to make the alloy softer and more acid resistant. The addition of co per makes possible the use of a copper-nic el product made direct from copper-nickel ore, thus enabling the nickel to be directl. introduced in this way instead of in the orm of pure nickel. many cases the copper may therefore advantageously be used even to the extent of say 10%, and particularly when at the same time the nickel contents are high, because the more iron the more chance for segregation of copper; but nickel helps against segregation.

If the proportion of nickel is above 30%, and chromium, tungsten or molybdenum with or without copper are used to in the neighborhood of 5% each, the alloy becomes heat resisting, and is as such preferable tothose alread known, it being more malleable and easily rawn into wire. It will thus be seen that the alloys of the Inv present invention contain varying amounts 7 of nickel and iron, and that the roportions of nickel and iron can be varied and regulated in accordance with the use for WhlCll the alloy is intended. In addition to the iron and nickel, and independent of their proportions to each other, I also add about of manganese and 3 to 5% of chromium,

and may also introduce copper in some cases up to about All of the alloys are preferably deoxidized with manganese alun'nnum and magnesium for better ductility. For very exacting requirements of non-corrodability, tungsten, molybdenum, are added in small quantities.

. expense,

The present invention ma kesit possible to produce an alloy having strength, ductility, resistance to'corrosion, and appearance comparable to or even better than possessed by pure nickel, while the expense of the alloy is very greatly reduced as compared with that of pure nickel. The regulation and control of the composition of the alloys and of the resulting properties makes it possible to produce alloys for various purposes, such as boiler tubes, condenser tubes, cooking utensils, roofing plates, chemical apparatus. table ware, etc.

The following alloys are examples of an alloy which can be produced at moderate and which has properties strength, ductibili'ty and non-corroda'bility fully comparable with those of pure nickel.

Per cent Per cent Fe .60 Ni 2O 30 Cu 10 0 Mn 2 2 Cr 3 3 W 2 2 Mo 1 1 C O. 3 0. 3 Si 0. 2 0. 2 Al O. 1 0. 1 Mg 0. 05 0. 05

' any advantage in their use over aluminum and magnesium, and for soft, ductile alloys they should be omitted or kept as low as economically possible. Carbon and silicon may, however, be'added' in quantities up to 2% each to facilitate the casting of the alloy into intricate shapes of acid-resisting receptacles or structures, in which case, however, copper may have to be correspondingly reduced or even omitted so as not to cause segregation.

' I claim 1. An alloy consisting mainly of nickel and iron and containing at least two-andone-half times as much iron as nickel, said copper in an amount not over about ten per cent. J

3. An alloy consisting mainly of nickel and iron and containing at least two-andone-half times as much iron as nickel, said alloy also containing chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in substantial amounts not exceeding about 8% in the aggregate and 1 copper in an amountnot over about 10%.

4. An alloy consisting mainly of nickel and iron an one-half times as much iron as nickel, said alloy also containing chromium, tungsten. and molybdenum in substantial amounts not exceeding about 8% in the aggregate and also 35% of copper;

5. An alloy consisting mainly of nickel and iron and containing at least two. and one-half'times as much iron as nickel, sa1d containing at least two andalloy also containing chromium, tungsten and molybdenum in substantial amounts not exceeding about eight percent in the 'aggr gate. I In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

NOAK VICTOR HYBINETTE. 

